Description

• Title:
  Mirror neurons and anticipation in simultaneous interpreting
• Creator:
  Bosch Benítez, Amalia
• Description:
  Anticipation is a frequent phenomenon in simultaneous interpreting [SI]. Some authors argue (Gile, 1995; Chernov 1994, 2004) that it is compulsory due to the structural differences in syntactical order between the pair of languages the interpreter is working with. Other researchers (Chernov 1979, 1981; Jones 1998) refer to it as a strategy in simultaneous interpreting. In our view, anticipation cannot be considered a strategy (Kohn & Kalina, 1996) that the interpreter switches on or off in SI. Our claim is that it cannot be switched off. Anticipation is the basis of reformulation itself. If the interpreter cannot predict the sense before the utterance has finished, it would be very difficult to reorganise or reformulate an utterance and render speech, words, syntax and sense. Translation studies have broadened their scope including methodology in their research, and recently look to areas such as cognitive science or psycholinguistics (Ferreira, A. & Schwieter, J.W., 2015). This interdisciplinary approach can shed some light over the processes present during translation or interpreting. One of these interdisciplinary approaches is neuroscience and the recent discoveries about the functions of the mirror neurons (Rizzolatti et al. 1996). Mirror neurons can help explain why there is a constant and natural anticipation process in human communication. Although these cells belong to the visuomotor system, some researchers acknowledge their share in cultural transmission, language acquisition and learning through observation. Chernov (1979, 1981) advanced his theory of probability prediction model based on the presence of redundancy in natural language. But anticipation is present in normal and casual language as well (Li & Hombert 2002) and that is perhaps the reason why it can help predicting intentions in a given communicative situation, just as Chernov postulated. Simultaneous interpreting is a very special communicative setting and language in a conference setting can hardly be considered casual or natural. It is mostly written language, with some exceptions, transmitted orally. This hampers the natural process of anticipation present in casual language or in natural communicative situations, which is why it has to be trained through the learning of material and documentation (Kalina, 1992, 2000; Gillies, 2013; Shrieve, 2006). This learning, on the other hand, also activates the mirror neuron system in the interpreter and leaves traces or neural patterns (Rizzolatti et al. 2002) that help again in the anticipation process.  ;
  Anticipation is a frequent phenomenon in simultaneous interpreting [SI]. Some authors argue (Gile, 1995; Chernov 1994, 2004) that it is compulsory due to the structural differences in syntactical order between the pair of languages the interpreter is working with. Other researchers (Chernov 1979, 1981; Jones 1998) refer to it as a strategy in simultaneous interpreting. In our view, anticipation cannot be considered a strategy (Kohn & Kalina, 1996) that the interpreter switches on or off in SI. Our claim is that it cannot be switched off. Anticipation is the basis of reformulation itself. If the interpreter cannot predict the sense before the utterance has finished, it would be very difficult to reorganise or reformulate an utterance and render speech, words, syntax and sense. Translation studies have broadened their scope including methodology in their research, and recently look to areas such as cognitive science or psycholinguistics (Ferreira, A. & Schwieter, J.W., 2015). This interdisciplinary approach can shed some light over the processes present during translation or interpreting. One of these interdisciplinary approaches is neuroscience and the recent discoveries about the functions of the mirror neurons (Rizzolatti et al. 1996). Mirror neurons can help explain why there is a constant and natural anticipation process in human communication. Although these cells belong to the visuomotor system, some researchers acknowledge their share in cultural transmission, language acquisition and learning through observation. Chernov (1979, 1981) advanced his theory of probability prediction model based on the presence of redundancy in natural language. But anticipation is present in normal and casual language as well (Li & Hombert 2002) and that is perhaps the reason why it can help predicting intentions in a given communicative situation, just as Chernov postulated. Simultaneous interpreting is a very special communicative setting and language in a conference setting can hardly be considered casual or natural. It is mostly written language, with some exceptions, transmitted orally. This hampers the natural process of anticipation present in casual language or in natural communicative situations, which is why it has to be trained through the learning of material and documentation (Kalina, 1992, 2000; Gillies, 2013; Shrieve, 2006). This learning, on the other hand, also activates the mirror neuron system in the interpreter and leaves traces or neural patterns (Rizzolatti et al. 2002) that help again in the anticipation process.  ;
  Antycypacja to częste zjawisko w tłumaczeniu symultanicznym, a przez część badaczy (Gile, 1995; Chernov 1994, 2004) postrzegana jest jako konieczna z uwagi na syntaktyczne różnice strukturalne w parze językowej, w której pracuje tłumacz. Stoimy na stanowisku, że antycypacja nie może być uważana za strategię, którą tłumacz niejako włącza lub wyłącza w tłumaczeniu. Antycypacja stanowi podstawę reformulacji- jeśli tłumacz nie jest w stanie przewidzieć znaczenia wypowiedzi przed jej zakończeniem, bardzo trudno jest dokonać reorganizacji lub zreformułowania wypowiedzi i oddać w tłumaczeniu słowa, składnię czy znaczenie. W badaniach przekładoznawczych od stosunkowo niedawna pojawiły się nowe pola takie jak psycholingwistyka czy kognitywistyka (Ferreira, A. & Schwieter, J.W., 2015); mogą one rzucić nowe światło na procesy występujące w tłumaczeniu ustnym. W tym miejscu warto wspomnieć o roli, którą odgrywają neurony lustrzane (Rizzolatti et al. 1996), a które mogą służyć wyjaśnieniu zagadnienia, dlaczego w komunikacji - a takowa jest tłumaczenie symultaniczne – zachodzi ciągły i naturalny proces antycypacji.
• Object availability:
  free access
• Rights:
  Prawa autorskie (c) 2019 Rocznik Przekładoznawczy
• Date:
  2019.12.15
• Type:
  info:eu-repo/semantics/article;
  info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
• Language:
  Polish
• Source:
  Rocznik Przekładoznawczy; Nr 14 (2019); 117-134;
  Translation Journal; No. 14 (2019); 117-134;
  2392-1552;
  1896-4362
• Format:
  application/pdf
• Publisher:
  Uniwersytet Mikołaja Kopernika w Toruniu
• Relation: https://apcz.umk.pl/RP/article/view/RP.2019.005/24101
• Subject:
  anticipation;
  mirror neurons;
  simultaneous interpreting;
  antycypacja;
  neurony lustrzane;
  tłumaczenie symultaniczne
• Identifier: https://apcz.umk.pl/RP/article/view/RP.2019.005
• Data provider:
  Akademicka Platforma Czasopism
• Can I use it?:
  seek permission
• Type:
  text