Object's details: Dispute between the Supreme Court and the Highest Administrative Court regarding the construction of art. 126 of the March Constitution in light of the religious policy of the Second Republic of Poland

Provider:Platforma Otwartych Czasopism Naukowych UAM

Description

Title:
Dispute between the Supreme Court and the Highest Administrative Court regarding the construction of art. 126 of the March Constitution in light of the religious policy of the Second Republic of Poland
Creator:
Fastyn, Arkadiusz
Description:
The decision about of the political system to be implemented in Poland after it regained independence in 1918 was largely determined by the existing legal systems of the states that had earlier occupied Poland's territories. The task before the Polish legislators was therefore to evaluate the existing laws and to decide how they were finally to be eflected in the March Constitution, of which Article 126 was of capital importance. That article provided, among other things, for reconciliation, before the first anniversary of the adoption of the Constitution, of the laws that were binding in the occupant states with the new legislation provided by the Constitution. The Supreme Court and the Highest Administrative Court had different opinions as to the model according to which the harmonisation of the two was to be done. The Supreme Court's stance was that the provisions of the Constitution had a direct influence on the binding legal order and therefore the regulations that were contradictory to or incompatible with its provisions were automatically ineffective. Thus the Constitution itself was to play the harmonising role in the whole process. The Highest Administrative Court, on the other hand, claimed that the discrepancies, if any. were to be resolved by relevant legislation that needed to be adopted. The model proposed by the Supreme Court prevailed. The conflict between the existing laws inherited from the occupant states and those included in the March Constitution was particularly acute in the sphere of religious policy and its regulations. The analysis of the judicial decisions arrived at pursuant to Article 126 shows that its provisions were construed in a manner that served the current political interests of the Polish state. Certain solutions of the former legal system regarding the state's policy towards religion turned out to be very useful and in line with Poland's policy once it had regained independence. They allowed the completion of goals that were concurrent with the policy of the former occupant states. Thus, paradoxically, once independent, the Polish state benefited from them. They served the Polish interests and were therefore frequently relied on, leading to the actual suspension of some of the principles of the March Constitution.;
La définition du régime constitutionnel de la Pologne indépendante est établie en grande partie en opposition au système existant sous le régime des pays occupants. Cela entraîne pour le pouvoir constituant une nécessité de se positionner par rapport à la situation juridique en vigueur. Ce postulat est finalement réalisé par les dispositions de la Constitution de mars. La signification principale est donnée à l'art. 126 qui prévoit, entre autres, de mettre la législation des pays occupants en rapport avec la constitution dans un délai maximum de un an après l'entrée en vigueur de cette dernière. Le litige entre la Cour suprême et la Cour administrative suprême concerne le modèle d'adaptation de la législation des pays occupants à la constitution. La Cour suprême force l'idée que la constitution a une influence directe sur la situation juridique en vigueur. Par conséquent, toute disposition contraire à la constitution, qui n'est pas adaptable à celle-ci, cesse d'être valable. Dans une telle situation juridique, la constitution ellemême jouerait tout simplement le rôle de loi d'adaptation. Compte tenu de la non publication des dispositions d'adaptation, ce modèle devient prépondérant dans la vie pratique de l'entredeux-guerres. L'opposition entre la législation des pays occupants et la Constitution de mars est fortement visible dans le domaine de régulation des rapports confessionnels. L'analyse de la juridiction concernant l'art. 126 de la Constitution démontre que son interprétation servait à réaliser l'intérêt politique existant. Certaines solutions de l'ancienne législation en matière de la politique confessionnelle se sont avérées très utiles après le recouvrement de l'indépendance par la Pologne. Elles ont permis la réalisation des objectifs communs à la politique des états occupants. Ainsi, paradoxalement, après le recouvrement de l'indépendance, certaines dispositions se sont avérées favorables à la réalisation des intérêts de l'État polonais. D'où la longueur de vie inattendue de cette législation qui a conduit à une suspension réelle de certains principes prévus par la Constitution de mars.;
Przystąpienie do kształtowania ustroju państwa polskiego wymagało określenia jego charakteru, który niekoniecznie musiał pokrywać się z charakterem ustroju państw zaborczych. W konsekwencji określenie ustroju niepodległej Polski odbywało się w znacznym stopniu w opozycji do zastanego ustawodawstwa zaborczego. Pociągało to za sobą konieczność ustosunkowania się polskiego ustrojodawcy do obowiązującego stanu prawnego, zwłaszcza że nawet pobieżny przegląd ustaw zaborczych pozwalał stwierdzić w szeregu kwestiach jego sprzeczność z interesami lub projektowanym ustrojem państwa polskiego. Postulat ten doczekał się ostatecznej realizacji w postanowieniach konstytucji marcowej. Spośród kilku zasadniczych przepisów konstytucji, które wchodzą w omawianej kwestii w grę, podstawowe znaczenie miał art. 126. W ramach tego zagadnienia istotne znaczenie miała również relacja art. 126 do art. 38 konstytucji. Określenie tej relacji rozstrzygało bowiem kwestię bezpośredniego stosowania konstytucji, co zarazem przesądzało o jej stosunku do ustaw państw zaborczych.
Object availability:
free access
Rights:
Prawa autorskie (c) 2011 Arkadiusz Fastyn;
https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Date:
2011.12.31
Type:
info:eu-repo/semantics/article;
info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
Language:
Polish
Source:
Czasopismo Prawno-Historyczne; Vol. 63 No. 2 (2011); 113-147;
Czasopismo Prawno-Historyczne; Tom 63 Nr 2 (2011); 113-147;
2720-2186;
0070-2471
Format:
application/pdf
Publisher:
Adam Mickiewicz University Poznan
Relation: http://pressto.amu.edu.pl/index.php/cph/article/view/41569/34913
Subject:
Sąd Najwyższy;
Najwyższy Trybunał Administracyjny;
art. 126 Konstytucji marcowej;
polityka wyznaniowa;
Druga Rzeczypospolita;
Supreme Court;
Highest Administrative Court;
art. 126 of the March Constitution;
religious policy;
Second Republic of Poland
Identifier: http://pressto.amu.edu.pl/index.php/cph/article/view/41569
Data provider:
Platforma Otwartych Czasopism Naukowych UAM

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Object's details: Dispute between the Supreme Court and the Highest Administrative Court regarding the construction of art. 126 of the March Constitution in light of the religious policy of the Second Republic of Poland

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