Description

• Title:
  E-cigarette or Vaping Product Use-Associated Lung Injury (EVALI) and Other Known Consequences of E-Cigarette Use – A Literature Review
• Creator:
  Kaszyńska, Karolina;
  Balik, Dominik;
  Dąbek, Jakub;
  Grabowska, Karolina;
  Grabowska, Martyna;
  Kosucka, Wiktoria;
  Kubicka, Jagoda;
  Kwaśniewska, Anna;
  Lara, Joanna;
  Wiśniewska, Aleksandra
• Description:
  Introduction and Purpose: E-cigarettes, introduced to the market at the beginning of the 21st century, have become a popular alternative to traditional cigarettes, though their long-term health effects remain unknown. In 2019, the United States recorded a sudden surge in cases of e-cigarette or vaping product use-associated lung injury (EVALI) - a severe lung disease linked to the use of these products. The aim of the study is to review the current knowledge on E-cigarette or vaping product use-associated lung injury (EVALI), with particular emphasis on pathogenesis, clinical presentation, and diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. State of knowledge: EVALI is primarily associated with the inhalation of vitamin E acetate (VEA), used as a thickener in illegal THC liquids. Pathogenetic mechanisms include toxicity from thermal degradation products of VEA leading to destabilization of pulmonary surfactant. The disease manifests with a broad spectrum of symptoms: dyspnea (85–100%), cough (60–85%), fever (57–84%), and gastrointestinal complaints (nausea, vomiting). Diagnosis requires the exclusion of infections (including COVID-19) and is based on CDC criteria, encompassing changes in lung imaging studies and a history indicating e-cigarette use. Conclusions: EVALI remains a public health challenge, particularly among young adults. Despite progress in identifying VEA as a key risk factor, many questions remain unanswered – including the role of other liquid components (e.g., flavoring substances) and the long-term effects of the disease. Further research is needed on the standardization of treatment (including the use of glucocorticosteroids) and regulation of the e-cigarette market. EVALI prevention should focus on educating about the risks of using products from illegal sources and promoting complete cessation of vaping. Keywords: EVALI; e-cigarette or vaping-associated lung injury; vaping; e-cigarette; vitamin E acetate; VEA.
• Object availability:
  free access
• Rights:
  Prawa autorskie (c) 2025 Karolina Kaszyńska, Dominik Balik, Jakub Dąbek, Karolina Grabowska, Martyna Grabowska, Wiktoria Kosucka, Jagoda Kubicka, Anna Kwaśniewska, Joanna Lara, Aleksandra Wiśniewska;
  https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
• Date:
  2025.04.28
• Type:
  info:eu-repo/semantics/article;
  info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
• Language:
  English
• Source:
  Journal of Education, Health and Sport; Vol. 80 (2025); 59362;
  Journal of Education, Health and Sport; Tom 80 (2025); 59362;
  2391-8306
• Format:
  application/pdf
• Publisher:
  Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
• Relation: https://apcz.umk.pl/JEHS/article/view/59362/42318
• Subject:
  EVALI;
  E-cigarette or vaping product use-associated lung injury;
  vaping;
  e-cigarette;
  vitamin E acetate;
  VEA
• Identifier: https://apcz.umk.pl/JEHS/article/view/59362
• Data provider:
  Akademicka Platforma Czasopism
• Can I use it?:
  seek permission
• Type:
  text