Description

• Title:
  The Office of General-Governor in Russia and the Kingdom of Poland
• Creator:
  Wiech, Stanisław
• Description:
  The office of general-governor was first created in Russia in 1775 and has since played an important role in the shaping of the internal policy of the Russian Empire, and, in particular, in the „Russification” process of the Polish territories. The structure of that office gave rise to a number of conflicts and animosities among various organs of central and local authorities in Russia. Despite all that, however, the power exercised by general-governor’s offices on Russian western frontiers (or, more precisely, on the eastern parts of partitioned Poland under Russian rule) were a better guarantee of a proper adjustment of the local administrative and political organs to their primary function that was effective management of regions that were ethnically, nationally, culturally, geographically, economically and religion-wise significantly different from those in the Russian Empire.Together with the social, economic and political transformations of the Russian state and the progressing liberalisation of the ‘self-governing’ system in Russia, the role and position of general-governors had gradually diminished, and their functions were successfully performed by ordinary governors. In critical situations, and at times of intensified internal conflicts, those ordinary governors were again replaced by general-governors, or specially appointed temporary or military general-governors. The once established trend, however, was on a way with no return.The institution of general-governors, characteristic of special prerogatives and rights, had prevailed the longest along the frontiers, in the regions in which the political, cultural and economic aspirations of their inhabitants did not go hand in hand with the political interests of the state and the Russian authorities. As the history of those institutions shows, the central government not only tolerated but it practically supported them in those regions, seeing them as the most effective tool through which the main objectives, i.e. unification, Russification and integration of those territories with the Empire could be achieved.;
  Existants dans la Russie depuis 1775, les offices des généraux-gouverneurs jouissaient le rôle très important dans la création de la politique interne de l’Empire de Tsar et notamment dans le processus de la russifiction de la Pologne. Bien que la formation de l’office du général - gouverneur provoquait les nombreux conflits entre les organes des pouvoirs locaux et les autorités centrales, cet office était toujours consideré comme la meilleure manière de gouverner des régions de l’Empire qui se distingaient du territoire de la Russie dans les aspects différents, notamment ethnique, national, confessionel, culturel, y compris géographique et economique. En conséquence des changements sociaux, économiques et politiques de l’Etat Russe qui ont causé la liberalisation du système du pouvoir absolu des Tsar (« Samodzierżawie ») au cours du XIXe siècle, la position des généraux-gouverneurs était diminuée. Leur tache pouvait étre exercée effectivement par les gouverneurs ordinaires. L’institution des généraux – gouverneurs qui exerçaient le pouvoir spécial muni des prérogatives exceptionnelles restait le plus longtemps dans les territoires extrêmes de l’Empire où les aspirations politiques, culturelles et économiques de la population se distinguaient des intérêts politiques de l’Etat des Tsars. L’histoire des offices des généraux-gouverneurs exerçants le pouvoir absolu dans certains territoires de l’Empire prouve que l’autorité centrale de ceci ne changaient guère pas son opinion que cet office constituait le moyen bien meilleur de la réalisation effectives des buts de la politique interne, à savoir l’unification, la russification et l’intégration de tous les territoires gouvernés par les tsars.
• Object availability:
  free access
• Rights: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
• Date:
  2007.06.30
• Type:
  info:eu-repo/semantics/article;
  info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
• Language:
  Polish
• Source:
  Czasopismo Prawno-Historyczne; Vol. 59 No. 1 (2007); 51-86;
  Czasopismo Prawno-Historyczne; Tom 59 Nr 1 (2007); 51-86;
  2720-2186;
  0070-2471
• Format:
  application/pdf
• Publisher:
  Adam Mickiewicz University Poznan
• Relation: http://pressto.amu.edu.pl/index.php/cph/article/view/41808/35107
• Subject:
  generał-gubernator;
  rusyfikacja;
  Imperium Rosyjskie;
  gubernie zachodnie;
  general-governor;
  russification;
  Russian Empire;
  western frontiers;
  général-gouvernneur;
  russifiction;
  Empire russe;
  frontières occidentales
• Identifier: http://pressto.amu.edu.pl/index.php/cph/article/view/41808
• Data provider:
  Platforma Otwartych Czasopism Naukowych UAM
• Can I use it?:
  check license
• Type:
  text