Description

• Title:
  Review of Raynaud’s phenomenon: pathomechanisms, diagnosis and treatment
• Creator:
  Marczyk, Aleksandra;
  Makowska, Karolina;
  Billewicz, Marta;
  Lis, Laura;
  Turek, Aleksandra;
  Popiołek, Adam;
  Pietrzykowska, Julia;
  Zatorska, Oksana
• Description:
  Introduction: Raynaud’s phenomenon (RP) is a quite common but often unrecognised vasospastic condition of the peripheral vessels. This may happen after exposure to the cold, stress, vibrations or a wide range of medical conditions. It causes episodic colour changes of the digits, firstly there is a pallor, followed by cyanosis and/or redness, usually with pain. Raynaud’s phenomenon can be primary (i.e. Raynaud’s disease) or secondary (i.e. Raynaud’s syndrome) to underlying disease.  Aim of the study: The aim of the study was to discuss the complex and incompletely understood pathophysiology of Raynaud’s phenomenon and to evaluate treatment approaches of both ‘uncomplicated’ - mostly primary and ‘complicated’ - mostly secondary Raynaud’s phenomenon. State of knowledge: Raynaud’s phenomenon is a common disorder with an unclear pathophysiology. Although many treatment approaches have been  reported, there is still no cure or gold standard therapy. Further investigations into treatment are required.  Conclusions: Future research is needed to understand the complex pathogenesis of RP and to develop optimised approaches to management. 
• Object availability:
  free access
• Rights:
  Prawa autorskie (c) 2024 Aleksandra Marczyk, Karolina Makowska, Marta Billewicz, Laura Lis, Aleksandra Turek, Adam Popiołek, Julia Pietrzykowska, Oksana Zatorska;
  https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/4.0
• Date:
  2024.05.30
• Type:
  info:eu-repo/semantics/article;
  info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
• Language:
  English
• Source:
  Journal of Education, Health and Sport; Vol. 72 (2024); 51508;
  Journal of Education, Health and Sport; Tom 72 (2024); 51508;
  2391-8306
• Format:
  application/pdf
• Publisher:
  Nicolaus Copernicus University, Toruń, Poland
• Relation: https://apcz.umk.pl/JEHS/article/view/51508/38645
• Subject:
  Raynaud’s phenomenon;
  Raynauld’s disease;
  Raynauld’s syndrome;
  diagnosis;
  treatment
• Identifier: https://apcz.umk.pl/JEHS/article/view/51508
• Data provider:
  Akademicka Platforma Czasopism
• Can I use it?:
  seek permission
• Type:
  text