Description

• Title:
  REVIEW OF COUNTER-TERRORISM SYSTEMS DURING SUMMER OLYMPIC GAMES IN THE 21ST CENTURY
• Creator:
  Michalski, Daniel;
  Radomyski, Adam Marek;
  Bernat, Paweł
• Description:
  The research results presented in the article pertain to the organization of security systems by the host countries during the Summer Olympic Games in Athens (2004), Beijing (2008), London (2012), and Rio de Janeiro (2016). The central part of the considerations focuses on the complex issue of searching for methods and tools to effectively protect participants of such large mass sports events, not only against terrorists. Taking into account the identified problem situation, it was agreed that the aim of the article will be to characterize the security methods and tools employed by the organizers of the Summer Olympic Games. The research was conducted with the use of selected theoretical scientific methods, including analysis, synthesis, comparison, analogy, generalization, and inference. These methods were applied in a structured way to a research process that focused on case studies of selected Summer Olympic Games that were considered representative samples. The results of the carried out research clearly indicate a high complexity of the security systems created for the needs of the Olympic Games. In every analyzed case, the need occurred to integrate state institutions and international organizations, including various agencies dealing with security issues, including terrorism. Additionally, based on the obtained results, it was also determined that properly forecasting threats is crucial in ensuring the safety of participants in the Olympic Games. It should be further emphasized that in each analyzed case study, the organizers of these large sports events fulfilled their role as hosts very well. They should, therefore, be recognized as a good example for other countries that will apply for organizing this type of mass sports events in the future. They must also be aware that each sporting event of this type requires a significant organizational and financial effort and that the threats are not limited to terrorism but can be posed by various external and internal factors. This article is one of the first attempts to assess the justification of implementing various methods and tools to the security systems of mass international sporting events through the prism of their effectiveness. In addition, the proposed solutions, including the threat forecasting methodology, may be useful to both practitioners and theoreticians in creating more effective solutions in the field of national and international security.;
  The research results presented in this article refer to the organization of security systems by the host countries during the Summer Olympics in Athens (2004), Beijing (2008), London (2012) and Rio de Janeiro (2016). The main part of the considerations in this article focuses on the complex issues related to the proper protection of mass sports events of this type against terrorist attacks. Taking this research approach, the authors characterize and evaluate the safety systems prepared by the organizers of the listed Summer Olympics. The case studies presented in the article include, first of all, the characteristics of the security systems of the Olympic Games through the prism of their organization and the intensity of the means used to protect against terrorism on land, water and in the air. The role and importance of international cooperation during the preparation of security systems for this type of international sports events was also highlighted.
• Object availability:
  free access
• Rights:
  Prawa autorskie (c) 2023 Daniel Michalski, Adam Marek Radomyski, Paweł Bernat;
  https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nd/4.0
• Date:
  2023.09.30
• Type:
  info:eu-repo/semantics/article;
  info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion
• Language:
  English
• Source:
  Torun International Studies; Vol. 1 No. 18 (2023); 5-24;
  Torun International Studies; Tom 1 Nr 18 (2023); 5-24;
  2391-7601;
  2391-4920
• Format:
  application/pdf
• Publisher:
  Nicolaus Copernicus University
• Relation: https://apcz.umk.pl/TSM/article/view/38989/36688
• Subject:
  armed forces;
  Olympic games;
  security;
  strategy;
  terrorism
• Identifier: https://apcz.umk.pl/TSM/article/view/38989
• Data provider:
  Akademicka Platforma Czasopism
• Can I use it?:
  seek permission
• Type:
  text